Cause of obesity
Problem of obesity
What is BMI?
What is morbid obesity?
Metabolic Syndrome
Options of weight reduction
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Option of Weight Reduction -
Dieting combined with behavior therapy and exercise
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Lifestyle approach
Weight management strategies should include modification of diet and physical activity, and of daily habits and thoughts.
Specific behaviours conducive to overeating or under-activity need to be identified and corrected. Weight loss is more
likely to be achieved and maintained by behaviour modification techniques that focus on lifestyle and attitude.
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Dieting and eating habit
All weight management strategies need to educate patients about food and healthy eating habits. Dietary therapy essentially
involves instructing patients on changing their diet in order to restrict caloric intake. Diets based on healthy eating
principles, such as the individualised energy-deficit diet (fixed energy diet) and the ad libitum low fat, high carbohydrate
diet have better outcomes. Patients should avoid ‘fad’ diets. while non-nutritive sweeteners may be used.
Principle of nutrition related to obesity (Asia pacific perspective; Redefining obesity & its treatment– WHO)
Food selection should be guided by available foods which vary from country to country in the Asia-Pacific region.
Distribution of food intake should be as even as possible throughout the day and meals should not be 'skipped' as a weight control method.
Meals should be adequately sized so that snacks are not needed between meals.
20-30% or less of the total dietary energy should be from fats and oils.
Carbohydrates should account for 55-65% of total energy.
Protein should not exceed 15% of total energy.
Fresh fruits, vegetables and wholegrain foods should be encouraged.
Alcohol intake should be retricted.
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Physical activity and exercise
An important factor in a successful weight management programme is increasing daily physical activity. It should be carried
out diet adjustment. If physical activity or exercise is used alone to treat obesity, only a moderate weight loss of between
4-5 kg over a three month period is likely. Physical activity advice should be tailored for age and cultural climate and
emphasise increased daily activity such as walking and climbing stairs. It is not necessary for the obese patient to
participate in strenuous activity; low to medium intensity is sufficient.
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